Human culture – culture specific characteristics of the entire region belong to Thai ethnic group. Besides, the special native culture belong to the original point value of O Du ethnic group. This is a clan which had brilliant culture in the confluence of Nam Non – Nam Mo – Ca river from 11th century and earlier. According to the statistic data of Nghe An province (30 December 2003), show that O Du ethnic group has the population of 528 people. They live in  poor condition.

Culture character of mountain village in the proposed biosphere reserve such as Muong Phiet, Muong Dan, Ban Loc bring cultural value quite abundant by the manner of expressing sentiment, dress, clothing in festivals and weekdays. Thai ethnic group still conserve their manners and customs and preserve the national character. House on stilts which have timber-roofed can acttract tourist such as Mai Chau, Hoa Binh province. Along the way to Pu Hoat, there are tens of spectacular water reels. Compatriot still cultivate cotton and weave brocade. When visitors come to visit, they are invited to drink ’ruou can’(wine drunk out of a jar through pipes).

Ethnic Dan Lai compatriot lives in 3 mountain village which are situated in the upper reaches of Khe Khang, Giang river. It’s 60km far from Con Cuong district. The material and spiritual life of the local people is poor. Social-economic has not been developed. Intellectual standards of local people are low. They depend on forest. This activity includes forest clearance for cultivation and illegal timber extraction, wild animal hunting. Infrastructure like traffic system, schools, hospitals have not fully supported the local community. In order to raise the living standard, ensure the existence and development of Dan Lai ethnic group as well as protect natural resource of Pu Mat National Park, resettlement the Dan Lai ethnic group is very necessary.

Thai ethnic group live in the field-valley of tropical monsoon highland in the west and northwest of North Vietnam. The typical features if this zone includes warmth, humidity. Compatriots mainly cultivate rice. Beside, each household has economic activities such as cattle grazing, fowls rising, secondary jobs: woodwork, weave fabric, fishing, hunting.
Climate has 2 distinctive seasons. The dry season lasts from November to the next May (from April to October – Thai calendar, the rainy season from the end of May to the end of October (from October to March - Thai calendar).

Table 11: The cultural geography factor of Ca river valley belong to the proposed BR